Prac%ce FRQ – Reverse
Unit 5 Op%on A
Women compose between one-third and one-half of all agricultural laborers in developing countries, and
yet empowerment and gender equality have been difficult to achieve.
A. Iden(fy a country where more than 75 percent of women in the labor force and ac(ve in
agriculture.
B. For each of the following THREE categories, describe ONE obstacle that may prevent women
working in agriculture from achieving greater equality and empowerment.
a. Economic
b. Cultural
c. Poli(cal
C. Iden(fy and explain ONE impact of empowering women within rural agricultural regions of
developing countries.
Objec%ve: I can construct a well-wriLen response to the above FRQ. (prac=ce using the
vocabulary!)
Task –
- Highlight each of the FRQ parts above a different color. Make each subsec%on of part B
a different color – one color for economic, a second color for cultural, and a third color
for poli%cal. - Then examine the answer op(ons below/on the backside and categorize them into the
different parts of the ques(on. These answers come directly from the College Board
rubric for the 2017 FRQ test for this ques(on. - Use those answer op(ons to CRAFT a well-wriLen response to the FRQ above. There are
more here than you will need, and some will not be relevant. - Women may be unable to obtain or access inputs to improve produc(vity (e.g., land, animals, equipment, seeds,
fer(lizers, or infrastructure) - People who believe in tradi(onal social roles for women (marriage, dowry, domes(c or household roles of women)
reject female farmers and women as businesspeople. - Impacts of exposure to environmental hazards (agricultural pollu(on, chemicals, groundwater pollu(on) that
dispropor(onately affect women and children in rural, tradi(onal, or indigenous communi(es. - Afghanistan
- Social norms preven(ng women from acquiring land tenure, owning, or inheri(ng land.
- Angola
- High fer(lity rates and raising more children hinders women’s ability to achieve equality.
- Women without formal educa(on may lack economic informa(on.
- Nega(ve impacts on family, household or women themselves.
- Successful management of household and farm may encourage women to par(cipate in tribal, village, and even
regional councils. - Serve as village leader, innovator, or educator in training others in produc(ve or sustainable agricultural methods.
- Women provide labor for childcare and household work as well as farming.
- Social tension, blowback, or pushback on changing roles of women in rural society.
- Bhutan
- Poli(cal, social, or religious organiza(ons form movements or propose laws to increase women’s roles in society.
- Changing social values leads to demographic changes, such as decreased total fer(lity rate (TFR), lower birth rates,
lower rates of natural increase (NIR), longer life expectancy, decreased mortality rates, or increased migra(on. - Crea(ng social networks that raise awareness to the issues affec(ng the lives of rural women (e.g., environmental
degrada(on, access to healthcare) and/or lobby for government or nongovernmental organiza(ons (NGO) support. - Burkina Faso
- As men move away for job opportuni(es, women assume a greater responsibility for managing the family farm and
the household. - Poli(cal, social, or religious organiza(ons form movements or propose laws to restrict women’s increased roles in rural
society. - Possibility of sending children to school; more spending in general on children for food, health, and clothing.
- Form coopera(ve groups with other women to efficiently sow and/or harvest agricultural land, manage resources,
manage animal stock, or sell farm goods. - In many socie(es, women represent a spiritual ideal of fer(lity that is (ed to beliefs regarding agricultural produc(vity.
- Burundi
- Educa(ng women about land (tle rights and having women par(cipate in land (tle councils to ensure women’s rights
are acknowledged. - Women may lack access to government programs intended to alleviate poverty.
- Chad
- Possibility of earning more money from increased farm produc(vity.
- Armed conflict or unstable governments in rural areas increases hardship and prevents women from making social
network connec(ons. - Djibou(
- Access to loans to expand produc(on or obtaining microloans to expand farm businesses.
- Gain land ownership or tenure.
- In many socie(es, women hold agricultural knowledge and skills passed down to daughters.
- Equatorial Guinea
- Eritrea
- Improvement in personal wealth or income.
- Improvement in poli(cal or social status.
- The Gambia
- Women may lack access to poli(cal processes (vo(ng) and ins(tu(ons (representa(ve government); or females lack
poli(cal power to improve law and policy affec(ng women’s issues. - Laws and government policies preven(ng women from acquiring land tenure, owning, or inheri(ng land.
- Guinea
- Women are frequently denied loans or financial support, cannot afford tui(on or fees; or rural communi(es lack
funding to provide schools. - Guinea-Bissau
- Improvement in food security or food stability.
- Laos
- Madagascar
- Improvement in quality of life or standard of living.
- In many agricultural socie(es, women have tradi(onal gender roles.
- Men may occupy a privileged posi(on in society, leaving women to do the physical labor.
- Malawi
- Demographic changes
- Mozambique
- Impacts of exposure to environmental hazards (agricultural pollu(on, chemicals, groundwater pollu(on) that cause
health problems which hinder women’s par(cipa(on in government or society (at any scale). - Nepal
- Men have been taking jobs in ci(es, on commercial farms, as labor migrants, in the military, at sea, or in mines leaving
the women to grow food for home consump(on and for sale. - Niger
- Papua New Guinea
- The distance to healthcare facili(es from rural areas limits women’s access to specialized care, i.e., OB-GYN.
- Rwanda
- Senegal
- Women prac(cing subsistence agriculture may not be able to generate a surplus.
- Soloman Islands
- Somalia
- Increased exposure to workplace hazards, machinery, chemicals.
- Tanzania
- Uganda
- Impacts of exposure to environmental hazards (agricultural pollu(on, chemicals, groundwater pollu(on) that cause
health problems for women and children which have an economic impact (household, local, or na(onal scale). - Small-scale farming requires all family members to par(cipate.
- Increased (me working on agriculture results in less (me to care for children and domes(c (household) needs.
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